Graphics Cards

The Graphics Card's Memory Frequency

A graphics card uses its own operating memory, which significantly boosts its performance. With each new generation of GDDR memory, the frequency is doubled. An entirely new category is the HBM stacked memory, which is integrated directly into the GPU.

• GDDR3 - old type of memory, graphics cards with GDDR3 are suitable only for multimedia computers or as a replacement for a malfunctioning card in an older computer.
• GDDR5 - 4 times faster than GDDR3.
• GDDR5X - up to 2 times faster than GDDR5.
• HBM - new technology with a large memory bus width (4096bit HBM vs. 256bit GDDR5X). Thanks to that, the HBM memory can operate at a much lower frequency than GDDR.

Overclocking (OC)

A higher clock frequency of the GPU and memory of a particular card (eg. 1060 GTX) will provide better performance in games, but at the same time will also require better and more efficient cooling.

• Automatic overclocking (Boost) - when processing demanding graphics, the graphics card can automatically adjust its core frequency.
• User overclocking - using specialised software, you can set all the graphics card's parameters yourself. It is, however, more suitable for enthusiasts and requires thorough testing.
• Factory overclocking - to provide extreme performance, some high-end models come already overclocked. These graphics cards are usually marked with an "OC" in their name.

Graphics Card Cooling

If you choose a powerful graphics card or if you want it to perform as quietly as possible, you should also focus on the quality and design of its cooler.

Cooling type

• Passive (fanless) - sufficient for multimedia graphics cards, usually require good case ventilation, not suitable for gaming or professional use.
• Active (with fan) - a cost-effective and reliable cooling system, great for gaming and professional use.
• Liquid - the most effective cooling suitable for overclocking and extreme performance.

Cooler sizes

• Single-slot (low-profile) - for basic graphics cards that occupy only one position and fit into smaller cases.
• Dual-slot - standard coolers for gaming and professional graphics cards.
• Triple-slot - rare, featured only on the most powerful gaming models.

Power requirements

• TDP - the maximum power consumption of the graphics card in real conditions (gaming, 3D graphics processing, etc.)
• Connectors - the power from the PCI-Express slot is sufficient only for basic multimedia graphics cards. High-performance models have to be connected to a power supply unit. To do so, you might need to use a reduction or an extension.
• Recommended power supply units - besides its wattage, the quality of the power supply unit is also important. To achieve the best performance, pick one of the recommended models in the category of power supply units.

Interface

To successfully install a new graphics card into your computer, the interfaces of the graphics card and the motherboard must match.

If your motherboard features

• PCI-Express 3.0 x16 - supports any modern graphics card.
• PCI-Express 2.0 / 2.1 x16 - usually, it doesn't make sense to install more powerful graphics cards than the basic gaming models such as NVIDIA GTX / AMD RX, because they would be hampered by the motherboard and processor. When installing cards with a PCI-Express 3.0 interface, it may be necessary to update the motherboard's BIOS to its latest version.
• PCI-Express 1.1 x16 - for basic multimedia graphics cards, you may need to update the motherboard's BIOS to the latest version.
• PCI-Express x16 1.0a - installation of modern graphics cards can be problematic, buying a new motherboard is usually the best choice.

Other parameters of graphics cards

• Manufacturing technology (in nm) - represents the width of the smallest element of the chip. The smaller the width, the more advanced the technology.
• Dimensions - especially before purchasing a powerful gaming graphics card, make sure that it'll fit into the case.
• VR ready - support for virtual reality.
• CrossFire / SLI - support for simultaneous use of multiple graphics cards on one motherboard.
• AMD Eyefinity - support for feeding up to six displays simultaneously.
• NVIDIA 3D Vision - support for playing in stereoscopic 3D.